more measurements of population:
-> net migration rate: the difference between the number of persons entering the country each year
-> an access of persons entering the country is known as net Immigration
-> an access of persons exiting from the country is known as net emigration
why do people migrate?
-push forces
1. civil war
2. environmental degradation
3. unemployment or underemployment
4. religious or ethnic persecution
-pull forces
1. better economic opportunity
2. better health services
3. religious freedom
4. political freedom
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