Why is the global population increasing?
Components of population growth:
- Natural increase
o About 82 million people are added to the population of the world annually
o More than 95% of the natural increase is in developing countries
o Rate of natural increase affects the doubling time- number of years needed to double the population, assuming there is a constant rate of natural increase
- Fertility
o Total fertility rate (TFR)
§ Measure used by geographers to measure number of births in a society
§ Defined as the average number of children a woman can have throughout her childbearing years which are 14 to about 40
§ TFR for the world is about 2.5
- Mortality
o Infant mortality rate
§ Measure used by geographers to better understand death rates in society
§ Defined as the annual number of deaths of infants under the age of one, compared within total live births
§ Usually expressed per 1000 births rather than a percentage
§ IMR is 5 in developed countries and 80 in sub-Saharan Africa
- Summary of spatial patterns
o Developed countries
§ Lover rates of…
1. Natural increase
2. Crude birth
3. Total fertility
4. Infant mortality
o Developing countries
§ Lower rates of…
1. Natural increase
2. Crude birth
3. Total fertility
4. Infant mortality
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